This unique 3D model is derived from dural skull (Print #8) data, obtained via CT imaging and segmentation of internal spaces. Parts of the skull have been retained, while sections or windows have been removed to expose the paranasal sinuses.
Frontal Sinuses
The paired frontal sinuses are highlighted in blue. The right frontal sinus is fully exposed, showing the frontonasal ostium, which drains as a funnel-shaped tube into the infundibulum of the middle meatus of the nasal cavity. The left frontal sinus remains partially surrounded by frontal bone, illustrating the natural anatomy.
Ethmoid and Maxillary Sinuses
The ethmoid sinuses (purple) are visible only on the left side, with the medial wall of the orbit preserved, formed by the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone. The maxillary sinus (green) on the left is partially exposed and partially retained within the maxilla, demonstrating its close relationship to the inferior orbit. The opening of the maxillary sinus into the lateral wall of the nose is subtly indicated in the middle meatus.
Sphenoid Sinus
The left sphenoid sinus (pink) is embedded within the sphenoid bone, which has been partly digitally removed. Despite this, the impression for the internal carotid artery remains clearly identifiable, highlighting critical anatomical relationships.