Fever: elevated body temperature, usually over 40°C.
Nasal secretion: initially clear watery nasal mucus, which then turns viscous or even purulent.
Cough: persistent dry cough.
Dyspnea: rapid and difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by wheezing.
Inflammation of the nasal passages: redness and swelling of the nasal passages, which may become ulcerated and crusted.
Reproductive symptoms (reproductive IBR)
Abortion: abortion may occur in pregnant cows following infection, usually in the second trimester.
Inflammation of the reproductive tract: Includes vaginitis, endometritis, and orchitis.
Eye symptoms (conjunctivitis type IBR)
Conjunctivitis: redness and tearing of the eyes, which can lead to corneal ulcers in severe cases.
Systemic symptoms
Malaise: loss of energy and appetite.
Decrease in milk production: decrease in milk production of dairy cows.
Transmission route
Direct contact: spread through contact with secretions and excretions (such as snot, saliva, urine, milk, etc.) of infected cows.
Airborne transmission: The virus can be transmitted through airborne droplets, especially in confined and poorly ventilated environments.
Vertical transmission: Pregnant cows can pass the virus to their fetuses through the placenta.
Sexual transmission: through the semen of infected bulls.
Indirect transmission: through contaminated feed, drinking water, equipment, personnel and means of transportation.
Clinical diagnosis
Clinical symptoms: preliminary diagnosis based on typical respiratory symptoms and medical history.
Laboratory tests:
Virus isolation: isolate the virus from nasal secretions, eye secretions, fetal tissues, etc.